/* =========================================================
   Shumsul Arefin — portfolio
   Research-journal look: Fraunces display over Host Grotesk, JetBrains Mono
   for labels and figure captions, a cobalt → violet → cyan accent, glass
   surfaces on an aurora canvas over a hexagonal (graphene-style) lattice.
   ========================================================= */

:root{
  color-scheme:light;

  --page:#f6f4ef;
  --bg:#ffffff;
  --surface:rgba(255,255,255,.72);
  --surface-2:rgba(255,255,255,.9);
  --tint:#f1f2f5;
  --text:#0c0e13;
  --muted:#5b6270;
  --faint:#8a909c;
  --rule:rgba(12,14,19,.08);
  --rule-strong:rgba(12,14,19,.14);
  --accent:#2a4dff;
  --accent-dark:#1733c7;
  --accent-tint:rgba(42,77,255,.08);
  --on-accent:#ffffff;
  --danger:#c0262d;

  --grad:linear-gradient(120deg,#2a4dff 0%,#7a4dff 50%,#0fb5d0 100%);
  --glow:rgba(42,77,255,.18);
  --aurora-1:rgba(42,77,255,.16);
  --aurora-2:rgba(122,77,255,.13);
  --aurora-3:rgba(15,181,208,.12);
  --grid-line:rgba(12,14,19,.045);
  --hex:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='56' height='97' viewBox='0 0 56 97'><path d='M28 0v16.2M28 16.2 0 32.3v32.4L28 80.8l28-16.1V32.3zM28 80.8V97' fill='none' stroke='%230c0e13' stroke-opacity='.07' stroke-width='1'/><g fill='%232a4dff' fill-opacity='.2'><circle cx='28' cy='16.2' r='1.4'/><circle cx='0' cy='32.3' r='1.4'/><circle cx='56' cy='32.3' r='1.4'/><circle cx='0' cy='64.7' r='1.4'/><circle cx='56' cy='64.7' r='1.4'/><circle cx='28' cy='80.8' r='1.4'/></g></svg>");
  --shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.8) inset,0 1px 2px rgba(12,14,19,.04),0 12px 32px -12px rgba(12,14,19,.12);
  --shadow-lg:0 30px 80px -20px rgba(12,14,19,.25);
  --nav-bg:rgba(255,255,255,.7);

  --serif:"Fraunces",ui-serif,Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;
  --sans:"Host Grotesk",system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",sans-serif;
  --mono:"JetBrains Mono",ui-monospace,Menlo,Consolas,monospace;

  --r:18px;
  --r-sm:12px;
  --ease:cubic-bezier(.22,.72,.28,1);

  --scroll-offset:88px;

  --s2:16px;
  --s3:clamp(20px,2.4vw,28px);
  --s4:clamp(48px,5.5vw,72px);

  --pad:clamp(16px,3vw,40px);
  --gap:clamp(14px,1.8vw,22px);
  --max:1320px;

  --spectrum:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='360' height='18' viewBox='0 0 360 18'><path d='M0 15H38l3-1 2-9 2 9 3 1h42l2-2 2-4 2 4 2 2h48l2-1 2-13 2 13 2 1h48l3-3 2-2 2 2 3 3h58l2-2 2-7 2 7 2 2h40l2-1 1-4 1 4 2 1h40' fill='none' stroke='%23000' stroke-width='1.3' stroke-linejoin='round'/></svg>");
}

[data-theme="dark"]{
  color-scheme:dark;

  --page:#0a0a0c;
  --bg:#0b0d13;
  --surface:rgba(255,255,255,.035);
  --surface-2:rgba(18,21,30,.85);
  --tint:rgba(255,255,255,.05);
  --text:#eef0f5;
  --muted:#9199a8;
  --faint:#646c7b;
  --rule:rgba(255,255,255,.07);
  --rule-strong:rgba(255,255,255,.14);
  --accent:#8aa2ff;
  --accent-dark:#b3c2ff;
  --accent-tint:rgba(138,162,255,.1);
  --on-accent:#06070b;
  --danger:#ff8a90;

  --grad:linear-gradient(120deg,#8aa2ff 0%,#b48cff 50%,#5fe3f0 100%);
  --glow:rgba(122,140,255,.22);
  --aurora-1:rgba(60,90,255,.22);
  --aurora-2:rgba(140,80,255,.16);
  --aurora-3:rgba(20,190,220,.12);
  --grid-line:rgba(255,255,255,.035);
  --hex:url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='56' height='97' viewBox='0 0 56 97'><path d='M28 0v16.2M28 16.2 0 32.3v32.4L28 80.8l28-16.1V32.3zM28 80.8V97' fill='none' stroke='%23ffffff' stroke-opacity='.05' stroke-width='1'/><g fill='%238aa2ff' fill-opacity='.24'><circle cx='28' cy='16.2' r='1.4'/><circle cx='0' cy='32.3' r='1.4'/><circle cx='56' cy='32.3' r='1.4'/><circle cx='0' cy='64.7' r='1.4'/><circle cx='56' cy='64.7' r='1.4'/><circle cx='28' cy='80.8' r='1.4'/></g></svg>");
  --shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.05) inset,0 20px 40px -20px rgba(0,0,0,.6);
  --shadow-lg:0 40px 100px -20px rgba(0,0,0,.8);
  --nav-bg:rgba(11,13,19,.6);
}

*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box;}
html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-behavior:smooth;}

body{
  margin:0;
  min-height:100dvh;
  display:flex;flex-direction:column;
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:clamp(14.5px,.9vw + 11px,16px);
  line-height:1.62;
  color:var(--text);
  background:var(--page);
  transition:background-color .4s ease,color .4s ease;
  -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;
  text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;
  position:relative;
  overflow-x:hidden;
}

/* aurora + fine grid, fixed behind everything */
body::before{
  content:"";position:fixed;inset:-20%;z-index:-2;pointer-events:none;
  background:
    radial-gradient(40% 35% at 15% 10%,var(--aurora-1),transparent 70%),
    radial-gradient(35% 30% at 85% 15%,var(--aurora-2),transparent 70%),
    radial-gradient(40% 40% at 60% 90%,var(--aurora-3),transparent 70%);
  will-change:transform;   /* own GPU layer: the drift never repaints the page */
  animation:drift 28s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
}
@keyframes drift{
  to{transform:translate3d(3%,-2%,0) rotate(6deg) scale(1.06);}
}
/* film grain */
body::after{
  content:"";position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:-1;pointer-events:none;
  background-image:
    url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='160' height='160'><filter id='n'><feTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='.85' numOctaves='3' stitchTiles='stitch'/><feColorMatrix values='0 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 .5 0'/></filter><rect width='100%' height='100%' filter='url(%23n)'/></svg>"),
    var(--hex);
  background-size:160px 160px,56px 97px;
  opacity:.7;
  transform:translateZ(0);
  mask-image:radial-gradient(ellipse 80% 60% at 50% 0%,#000 30%,transparent 100%);
  -webkit-mask-image:radial-gradient(ellipse 80% 60% at 50% 0%,#000 30%,transparent 100%);
}

::selection{background:var(--accent);color:var(--on-accent);}

img{max-width:100%;display:block;}
svg{fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.6;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;}

a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none;}
a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px;}

h1,h2,h3,h4{margin:0;font-weight:500;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.02em;text-wrap:balance;}
p,li,dd{text-wrap:pretty;}

/* Fraunces: soft, upright terminals by default; optical size follows the type size */
.title,.lead,.rail .h1,.stats dd,.pub::after{
  font-optical-sizing:auto;
  font-variation-settings:"SOFT" 40,"WONK" 0;
}

:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:6px;}

.grad{
  background:var(--grad);background-size:200% 100%;
  -webkit-background-clip:text;background-clip:text;
  color:transparent;
  animation:sheen 9s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
}
@keyframes sheen{to{background-position:100% 0;}}

.skip{
  position:absolute;left:16px;top:-56px;z-index:99;
  background:var(--accent);color:var(--on-accent);padding:10px 16px;font-size:.9rem;border-radius:10px;
  transition:top .15s;
}
.skip:focus{top:16px;}

/* shared glass surface */
.glass,
.rail-in,.stats > div,.focus li,.pub,.card,.contact,.refs > div,.skills > div{
  background:var(--surface);
  border:1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius:var(--r);
  box-shadow:var(--shadow);
}

/* cursor spotlight on interactive surfaces (--mx/--my set in scripts.js) */
.spot{position:relative;isolation:isolate;overflow:hidden;}
.spot::before{
  content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:-1;border-radius:inherit;pointer-events:none;
  background:radial-gradient(420px circle at var(--mx,50%) var(--my,-50%),var(--glow),transparent 45%);
  opacity:0;transition:opacity .35s ease;
}
.spot:hover::before{opacity:1;}

/* ---------------- Shell ---------------- */
.shell{
  flex:1 0 auto;
  width:100%;max-width:var(--max);
  margin:0 auto;
  padding:clamp(20px,3vw,40px) var(--pad) clamp(40px,6vw,80px);
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:minmax(0,320px) minmax(0,1fr);
  gap:clamp(28px,4vw,64px);
  align-items:start;
}
.shell > *{min-width:0;}

/* ---------------- Sidebar ---------------- */
.rail{position:sticky;top:clamp(20px,3vw,40px);}
.rail-in{padding:14px 14px 22px;}

.pfp{
  display:block;position:relative;color:#fff;width:100%;aspect-ratio:1/1;
  border-radius:calc(var(--r) - 6px);
  overflow:hidden;background:var(--tint);
}
.pfp::after{
  content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;border-radius:inherit;
  box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.12);
  background:linear-gradient(180deg,transparent 60%,rgba(6,7,11,.35));
}
.pfp img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;transition:transform 1.2s var(--ease);}
.rail-in:hover .pfp img{transform:scale(1.04);}

.avail{
  position:absolute;left:12px;bottom:12px;z-index:2;
  display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;
  padding:6px 11px 6px 9px;border-radius:99px;
  font-size:.72rem;font-weight:500;color:#fff;
  background:rgba(10,12,18,.55);
  border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18);
  backdrop-filter:blur(10px);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(10px);
}
.dot{
  width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:50%;background:#35e08a;flex:none;
  position:relative;
}
/* the pulse is a scaled ring: transform + opacity run on the GPU, box-shadow would repaint */
.dot::after{
  content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;border-radius:50%;background:inherit;
  animation:ping 2.2s cubic-bezier(0,0,.2,1) infinite;
}
@keyframes ping{
  from{transform:scale(1);opacity:.6;}
  70%,to{transform:scale(3.2);opacity:0;}
}

.rail-id{display:block;padding:0 6px;}
.rail .h1{
  font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:450;
  font-size:clamp(1.7rem,1.3vw + 1.1rem,2.05rem);
  letter-spacing:-.025em;line-height:1.08;
  margin:20px 0 0;
}
.rail-name{min-width:0;}
.role{margin:.55rem 0 0;font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted);}

.facts{
  display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto minmax(0,1fr);
  column-gap:16px;row-gap:10px;
  margin:20px 6px 0;padding:18px 0 0;
  border-top:1px solid var(--rule);
  font-size:.8rem;
}
.facts dt{color:var(--faint);font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.7rem;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;padding-top:2px;}
.facts dd{margin:0;min-width:0;overflow-wrap:anywhere;}
.facts dd a{color:var(--text);}
.facts dd a:hover{color:var(--accent);}

.profiles{
  list-style:none;margin:18px 6px 0;padding:0;
  display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:8px;
}
.profiles a{
  display:grid;place-items:center;height:42px;border-radius:12px;
  border:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--tint);color:var(--muted);
  transition:color .2s,border-color .2s,background-color .2s,transform .2s var(--ease);
}
.profiles a:hover{color:var(--text);border-color:var(--rule-strong);transform:translateY(-2px);text-decoration:none;}
.pico{width:17px;height:17px;fill:currentColor;stroke:none;}

/* ---------------- Buttons ---------------- */
.btn{
  position:relative;overflow:hidden;
  display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:10px;
  padding:13px 22px;margin-top:20px;
  font:inherit;font-size:.88rem;font-weight:500;
  border:0;border-radius:12px;cursor:pointer;
  transition:transform .25s var(--ease),box-shadow .25s ease;
}
.btn-solid{
  width:calc(100% - 12px);margin-left:6px;margin-right:6px;
  color:#fff;background:var(--grad);background-size:160% 160%;
  box-shadow:0 10px 30px -10px rgba(42,77,255,.6),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.25);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .btn-solid{color:#06070b;}
.btn-solid::after{
  content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;
  background:linear-gradient(100deg,transparent 30%,rgba(255,255,255,.45) 50%,transparent 70%);
  transform:translateX(-120%);transition:transform .8s var(--ease);
}
.btn-solid:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);text-decoration:none;color:#fff;box-shadow:0 16px 40px -12px rgba(42,77,255,.75),inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.25);}
[data-theme="dark"] .btn-solid:hover{color:#06070b;}
.btn-solid:hover::after{transform:translateX(120%);}
.btn .ico{width:15px;height:15px;flex:none;}

/* ---------------- Navigation ---------------- */
.nav-toggle{display:none;}
.bars{width:19px;height:19px;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.7;fill:none;flex:none;}

.nav{
  position:sticky;top:clamp(12px,1.6vw,20px);z-index:20;
  display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;
  padding:6px;
  margin-bottom:clamp(36px,4.5vw,56px);
  background:var(--nav-bg);
  border:1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius:99px;
  box-shadow:var(--shadow);
  backdrop-filter:blur(18px) saturate(160%);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(18px) saturate(160%);
}
.nav-scroll{
  flex:1 1 auto;min-width:0;
  display:flex;gap:2px;
  overflow-x:auto;scrollbar-width:none;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;
}
.nav-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;}
.tab{
  flex:none;
  padding:8px 13px;border-radius:99px;
  font-size:.86rem;font-weight:500;color:var(--muted);
  transition:color .2s,background-color .2s;
}
.tab:hover{color:var(--text);text-decoration:none;background:var(--tint);}
.tab.active{color:var(--text);background:var(--bg);box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.08),0 0 0 1px var(--rule-strong);}
[data-theme="dark"] .tab.active{background:rgba(255,255,255,.08);}

.nav-tools{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;flex:none;}
.theme-btn{
  display:grid;place-items:center;width:36px;height:36px;padding:0;
  font:inherit;color:var(--muted);cursor:pointer;
  background:var(--tint);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:50%;
  transition:color .2s,border-color .2s,transform .5s var(--ease);
}
.theme-btn:hover{color:var(--text);border-color:var(--rule-strong);transform:rotate(25deg);}
.theme-btn svg{width:16px;height:16px;}
.theme-btn .i-sun{display:none;}
[data-theme="dark"] .theme-btn .i-sun{display:block;}
[data-theme="dark"] .theme-btn .i-moon{display:none;}

/* ---------------- Sections ---------------- */
.panel{max-width:880px;min-width:0;scroll-margin-top:var(--scroll-offset);}

.eyebrow{
  display:flex;width:fit-content;align-items:center;gap:10px;
  padding:6px 14px 6px 10px;border-radius:99px;
  font-size:.76rem;font-weight:500;color:var(--muted);
  background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--rule);
}

.title{
  font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:400;
  font-size:clamp(2.1rem,2.8vw + 1rem,3.3rem);
  letter-spacing:-.035em;line-height:1.04;
}

.lead{
  font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:380;
  font-size:clamp(1.9rem,2.2vw + .85rem,3rem);
  line-height:1.08;letter-spacing:-.035em;
  margin:0;max-width:24ch;
  position:relative;z-index:1;
}
.lead em{font-style:italic;font-weight:420;padding-right:.08em;font-variation-settings:"SOFT" 100,"WONK" 1;}
.intro{font-size:clamp(1rem,.4vw + .9rem,1.1rem);color:var(--muted);max-width:58ch;}
#contact .lead{
  font-family:var(--sans);
  font-size:clamp(1rem,.6vw + .85rem,1.15rem);font-weight:400;letter-spacing:0;line-height:1.6;
  max-width:56ch;color:var(--muted);
}

/* section sub-headings: mono label with a hairline running off to the right */
.panel > h2:not(.title),.head{
  display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;
  font-family:var(--mono);font-weight:500;
  font-size:.74rem;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;
  color:var(--faint);
}
.panel{counter-reset:sec;}
.panel > h2:not(.title)::before,.head::before{
  counter-increment:sec;content:"§" counter(sec,decimal-leading-zero);
  color:var(--accent);letter-spacing:.04em;
}
.panel > h2:not(.title)::after,.head::after{
  content:"";flex:1;height:1px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--rule-strong),transparent);
}

/* ---------------- Stats ---------------- */
.stats{
  display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));
  gap:10px;margin:0;
}
.stats > div{
  padding:18px 20px 16px;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(var(--accent),var(--accent)),linear-gradient(var(--accent),var(--accent)),
    linear-gradient(var(--accent),var(--accent)),linear-gradient(var(--accent),var(--accent));
  background-size:10px 1px,1px 10px,10px 1px,1px 10px;
  background-position:right 10px top 10px,right 10px top 10px,left 10px bottom 10px,left 10px bottom 10px;
  background-repeat:no-repeat;
  transition:transform .35s var(--ease),border-color .35s;
}
.stats > div:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);border-color:var(--rule-strong);}
.stats dt{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.66rem;letter-spacing:.07em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--faint);}
.stats dd{
  margin:4px 0 0;
  font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:350;
  font-size:clamp(2.4rem,2.6vw + 1.2rem,3.3rem);line-height:1;
  letter-spacing:-.03em;font-variant-numeric:lining-nums tabular-nums;
  background:var(--grad);-webkit-background-clip:text;background-clip:text;color:transparent;
}

/* ---------------- Marquee ---------------- */
.marquee{
  overflow:hidden;
  mask-image:linear-gradient(90deg,transparent,#000 12%,#000 88%,transparent);
  -webkit-mask-image:linear-gradient(90deg,transparent,#000 12%,#000 88%,transparent);
}
.marquee-track{display:flex;width:max-content;will-change:transform;animation:marquee 40s linear infinite;}
.marquee:hover .marquee-track{animation-play-state:paused;}
.marquee ul{display:flex;gap:10px;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;list-style:none;}
.marquee li{
  white-space:nowrap;padding:7px 14px;border-radius:99px;
  font-size:.8rem;color:var(--muted);
  border:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--surface);
}
.marquee li::before{content:"⬡";margin-right:8px;color:var(--accent);font-size:.7em;}
@keyframes marquee{to{transform:translateX(-50%);}}

/* ---------------- Focus bento ---------------- */
.focus{
  list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;
  display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px;
}
.focus{counter-reset:fc;}
.focus li{position:relative;padding:24px 24px 26px;transition:transform .35s var(--ease),border-color .35s;}
.focus li:hover{transform:translateY(-3px);border-color:var(--rule-strong);}
.focus li::after{
  counter-increment:fc;content:counter(fc,decimal-leading-zero);
  position:absolute;top:22px;right:22px;
  font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.66rem;letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--faint);
}
.fico{
  width:44px;height:44px;display:block;margin-bottom:18px;padding:9px;
  border-radius:12px;
  stroke:var(--accent);stroke-width:1.5;fill:none;
  background:var(--accent-tint);
  box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px var(--rule);
}
.focus h3{font-size:1.02rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.01em;}
.focus p{margin:.4rem 0 0;font-size:.87rem;color:var(--muted);}

/* ---------------- Row list ---------------- */
.rows{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;}
.rows li{
  display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(160px,300px) 1fr;gap:16px;
  padding:15px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);
  font-size:.88rem;color:var(--muted);
}
.rows li:first-child{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);}
.rows span{color:var(--text);font-weight:500;}

/* ---------------- Timeline ---------------- */
.stack{display:grid;gap:0;position:relative;}
.item{
  position:relative;padding:0 0 clamp(24px,3vw,34px) 30px;
  border-left:1px solid var(--rule-strong);margin-left:5px;
}
.item:last-child{padding-bottom:0;border-left-color:transparent;}
.item:last-child::after{content:"";position:absolute;left:-1px;top:0;height:12px;border-left:1px solid var(--rule-strong);}
.item::before{
  content:"";position:absolute;left:-6px;top:5px;
  width:11px;height:11px;border-radius:50%;
  background:var(--page);border:2px solid var(--rule-strong);
  transition:border-color .3s,box-shadow .3s,background-color .3s;
}
.item:hover::before{border-color:var(--accent);background:var(--accent);box-shadow:0 0 0 5px var(--accent-tint),0 0 18px var(--accent);}
.item h4{font-size:1.02rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.01em;}
.item p{margin:.3rem 0 0;color:var(--muted);font-size:.9rem;}
.when{
  margin:0 0 6px !important;
  font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.72rem !important;letter-spacing:.04em;
  color:var(--accent) !important;
}
.org{font-size:.87rem;}
.item ul{margin:.6rem 0 0;padding-left:1.05rem;}
.item li{font-size:.87rem;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:.25rem;}
.item li::marker{color:var(--accent);}

/* ---------------- Skills, tags ---------------- */
.skills{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px;}
.skills > div{padding:20px;}
.skills h4{font-size:.9rem;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:12px;}
.tags{list-style:none;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;margin:0;padding:0;}
.tags li{
  font-size:.76rem;line-height:1.5;padding:4px 11px;border-radius:99px;
  background:var(--tint);color:var(--muted);border:1px solid var(--rule);
  transition:color .2s,border-color .2s;
}
.tags li:hover{color:var(--text);border-color:var(--rule-strong);}

/* ---------------- Awards, plain lists ---------------- */
.awards,.plain{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;}
.awards li,.plain li{
  padding:13px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);
  font-size:.9rem;color:var(--muted);
  transition:color .2s,padding-left .3s var(--ease);
}
.awards li:hover,.plain li:hover{color:var(--text);padding-left:6px;}
.awards li:last-child,.plain li:last-child{border-bottom:0;}
.awards b{
  display:inline-block;min-width:60px;
  font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.78rem;font-weight:500;
  color:var(--accent);
}

/* ---------------- References ---------------- */
.refs{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(200px,1fr));gap:12px;}
.refs > div{padding:18px 20px;}
.refs h4{font-size:.95rem;font-weight:600;}
.refs p{margin:.25rem 0 0;font-size:.83rem;color:var(--muted);}

/* ---------------- Filters ---------------- */
.filters{
  display:inline-flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px;padding:4px;
  border-radius:14px;border:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--surface);
}
.filter{
  font:inherit;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:500;
  padding:7px 14px;border-radius:10px;
  border:0;background:none;color:var(--muted);cursor:pointer;
  transition:color .2s,background-color .2s;
}
.filter:hover{color:var(--text);}
.filter.is-on{background:var(--text);color:var(--page);}

/* ---------------- Publications ---------------- */
.pubs{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;counter-reset:pub;display:grid;gap:10px;}
.pub{
  display:grid;grid-template-columns:52px minmax(0,1fr);
  padding:20px 22px 18px 16px;
  transition:transform .35s var(--ease),border-color .35s;
}
.pub:hover{transform:translateY(-2px);border-color:var(--rule-strong);}
.pub::after{
  counter-increment:pub;content:counter(pub,decimal-leading-zero);
  grid-column:1;grid-row:1 / span 3;
  font-family:var(--serif);font-style:italic;font-weight:350;font-size:1.6rem;line-height:1;
  color:var(--faint);padding-top:2px;text-align:center;
}
.pub > p{grid-column:2;min-width:0;}
.pub-t{margin:0;font-size:.98rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:-.005em;}
.pub-t a{color:var(--text);}
.pub-t a::after{content:" ↗";color:var(--faint);transition:color .2s;}
.pub-t a:hover{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none;}
.pub-t a:hover::after{color:var(--accent);}
.pub-a{margin:.35rem 0 0;font-size:.83rem;color:var(--muted);}
.pub-m{margin:.7rem 0 0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;align-items:center;}
.tag{
  font-size:.7rem;font-weight:500;padding:3px 10px;border-radius:99px;
  background:var(--tint);color:var(--muted);border:1px solid var(--rule);
}
.tag.on{background:var(--accent-tint);color:var(--accent);border-color:transparent;}
.doi{overflow-wrap:anywhere;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.7rem;color:var(--faint);}

/* ---------------- Project cards ---------------- */
.cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(250px,1fr));gap:var(--gap);}
.card{
  display:block;width:100%;padding:8px;text-align:left;
  font:inherit;color:inherit;text-decoration:none !important;
  transition:transform .4s var(--ease),border-color .4s,box-shadow .4s;
}
.card:hover{transform:translateY(-4px);border-color:var(--rule-strong);box-shadow:var(--shadow-lg);}
.thumb{
  display:block;position:relative;width:100%;aspect-ratio:4/3;
  overflow:hidden;border-radius:calc(var(--r) - 8px);background:var(--tint);
}
.thumb::after{
  content:"View  →";position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:10px;
  padding:5px 11px;border-radius:99px;font-size:.72rem;font-weight:500;color:#fff;
  background:rgba(10,12,18,.55);backdrop-filter:blur(8px);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(8px);
  border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18);
  opacity:0;transform:translateY(6px);transition:opacity .3s,transform .3s var(--ease);
}
.card:hover .thumb::after{opacity:1;transform:none;}
.card img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .9s var(--ease),filter .4s;}
.card:hover img{transform:scale(1.06);}
.card-b{display:block;padding:14px 8px 8px;}
.card-t{display:block;font-size:1rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.01em;}
.card-s{display:block;margin-top:2px;font-size:.82rem;color:var(--muted);}

/* ---------------- Contact ---------------- */
.contact{
  display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,230px) minmax(0,1fr);
  gap:clamp(24px,3vw,44px);align-items:start;
  padding:clamp(20px,3vw,32px);
}
.contact .facts{border-top:0;padding-top:0;margin:4px 0 0;}

.f{display:block;margin-bottom:14px;}
.f > span{display:block;font-size:.76rem;font-weight:500;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:6px;}
.f input,.f textarea{
  width:100%;padding:12px 14px;
  font:inherit;font-size:.9rem;color:var(--text);
  background:var(--tint);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:12px;
  resize:vertical;transition:border-color .2s,box-shadow .2s,background-color .2s;
}
.f input:focus,.f textarea:focus{outline:none;border-color:var(--accent);background:var(--bg);box-shadow:0 0 0 4px var(--accent-tint);}
.two{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:14px;}
#contact-form .btn{width:auto;margin:6px 0 0;}
.status{min-height:1.1rem;margin:0 0 8px;font-size:.82rem;color:var(--muted);}
.status.err{color:var(--danger);}
.status.ok{color:var(--accent);}

/* ---------------- Footer ---------------- */
.foot{flex:none;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);}
.foot-in{
  max-width:var(--max);margin:0 auto;
  padding:22px var(--pad) calc(22px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom,0px));
  display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px 20px;justify-content:space-between;
}
.foot p{margin:0;font-size:.78rem;color:var(--faint);}
.foot-in{padding-right:calc(var(--pad) + 56px);}
.foot .coord{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.7rem;letter-spacing:.04em;}


/* ---------------- News ---------------- */
.news{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);}
.news li{
  display:grid;grid-template-columns:128px minmax(0,1fr);gap:16px;align-items:baseline;
  padding:14px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);
}
.news time{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.74rem;color:var(--accent);letter-spacing:.02em;}
.news p{margin:0;font-size:.92rem;color:var(--muted);}
.news li:first-child p{color:var(--text);}
.news li:first-child time::after{
  content:"New";margin-left:8px;padding:1px 7px;border-radius:99px;
  font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.62rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:uppercase;
  color:var(--on-accent);background:var(--accent);
}

/* ---------------- Project pages ---------------- */
.back{display:block;width:fit-content;font-size:.84rem;color:var(--muted);}
.back:hover{color:var(--text);text-decoration:none;}
.hero-media{margin:0;border-radius:var(--r);overflow:hidden;border:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--tint);box-shadow:var(--shadow-lg);}
.hero-media img{width:100%;height:auto;}
.media-frame{aspect-ratio:16/9;}
.media-frame iframe{width:100%;height:100%;border:0;display:block;}
.meta{
  display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(160px,1fr));gap:1px;margin:0;
  background:var(--rule);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:var(--r);overflow:hidden;
}
.meta > div{background:var(--surface-2);padding:14px 18px;}
.meta dt{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.68rem;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--faint);}
.meta dd{margin:4px 0 0;font-size:.88rem;}
.prose{font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.75;color:var(--muted);max-width:66ch;}
.actions{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;}
.btn-ghost{margin:0;color:var(--text);background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--rule-strong);}
.btn-ghost:hover{border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none;transform:translateY(-2px);}
.gallery{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(220px,1fr));gap:10px;}
.gallery a{display:block;border-radius:var(--r-sm);overflow:hidden;border:1px solid var(--rule);}
.gallery img{width:100%;height:100%;aspect-ratio:4/3;object-fit:cover;transition:transform .8s var(--ease);}
.gallery a:hover img{transform:scale(1.05);}
.pager{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:12px;}
.pager a{
  display:block;padding:18px 20px;color:var(--text);font-weight:500;font-size:.95rem;
  background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:var(--r);box-shadow:var(--shadow);
  transition:border-color .3s,transform .3s var(--ease);
}
.pager a:last-child{text-align:right;}
.pager a:hover{text-decoration:none;border-color:var(--rule-strong);transform:translateY(-2px);}
.pager span{display:block;margin-bottom:4px;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.68rem;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--faint);}

/* ---------------- 404 ---------------- */
.jump{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;}
.jump a{
  display:inline-block;padding:9px 16px;border-radius:99px;font-size:.88rem;font-weight:500;color:var(--text);
  background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--rule-strong);
  transition:border-color .2s,color .2s;
}
.jump a:hover{text-decoration:none;border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent);}

.hp{position:absolute;left:-9999px;width:1px;height:1px;opacity:0;}
#contact-form .btn[disabled]{opacity:.6;cursor:progress;}


/* ---------------- Spectrum rules under section heads ---------------- */
.panel > h2:not(.title)::after,.head::after{
  height:18px;
  background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--accent),var(--rule-strong) 38%,transparent 92%);
  -webkit-mask:var(--spectrum) left center/360px 18px repeat-x;
  mask:var(--spectrum) left center/360px 18px repeat-x;
}

/* ---------------- Portrait ring ---------------- */
.pfp{padding:2px;background:var(--rule);isolation:isolate;}
.pfp::before{
  content:"";position:absolute;inset:-60%;z-index:-1;
  background:conic-gradient(from 0deg,transparent 0 52%,#2a4dff 68%,#b48cff 82%,#5fe3f0 93%,transparent);
  animation:spin 8s linear infinite;
}
.pfp img{position:relative;border-radius:calc(var(--r) - 8px);}
.pfp::after{inset:2px;border-radius:calc(var(--r) - 8px);}
@keyframes spin{to{transform:rotate(1turn);}}

/* ---------------- Headline word reveal ---------------- */
.lead.split{animation:none;}
.lead .w{display:inline-block;opacity:0;transform:translate3d(0,.32em,0);animation:word .9s var(--ease) forwards;animation-delay:calc(var(--i) * 40ms + .08s);}
@keyframes word{to{opacity:1;transform:none;}}

/* ---------------- Hero calls to action ---------------- */
.cta{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:10px;}
.cta .btn,.outro-a .btn{width:auto;margin:0;}
.btn-solid span{transition:transform .3s var(--ease);}
.btn-solid:hover span{transform:translateX(3px);}
.kbd-hint{
  display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;margin-left:8px;padding:0;
  font:inherit;font-size:.76rem;color:var(--faint);background:none;border:0;cursor:pointer;
  transition:color .2s;
}
.kbd-hint span{margin-left:4px;}
.kbd-hint:hover{color:var(--text);}
kbd{
  font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.66rem;line-height:1.5;
  padding:1px 6px;border-radius:6px;
  color:var(--muted);background:var(--surface);
  border:1px solid var(--rule-strong);border-bottom-width:2px;
}

/* ---------------- Structure viewer ---------------- */
.viewer{
  display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.2fr) minmax(0,1fr);
  overflow:hidden;
  background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:calc(var(--r) + 4px);
  box-shadow:var(--shadow);
}
.viewer-stage{
  position:relative;aspect-ratio:1/1;min-height:300px;
  border-right:1px solid var(--rule);
  background:
    radial-gradient(55% 55% at 50% 50%,var(--accent-tint),transparent 72%),
    radial-gradient(circle,var(--rule-strong) 1px,transparent 1.3px) 0 0/22px 22px;
}
.viewer-stage::before,.viewer-stage::after{
  content:"";position:absolute;width:14px;height:14px;pointer-events:none;
  border:1px solid var(--accent);opacity:.7;
}
.viewer-stage::before{left:12px;bottom:40px;border-right:0;border-top:0;}
.viewer-stage::after{right:12px;bottom:40px;border-left:0;border-top:0;}
.viewer-stage canvas{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;cursor:grab;touch-action:pan-y;}
.viewer-stage canvas.grabbing{cursor:grabbing;}
.hud{
  position:absolute;pointer-events:none;white-space:pre;
  font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.62rem;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--faint);
}
.hud-tl{top:14px;left:16px;}
.hud-tr{top:14px;right:16px;color:var(--accent);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;}
.hud-bl{bottom:14px;left:16px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;transition:opacity .5s;}
.hud-bl svg{width:14px;height:14px;}
.viewer.touched .viewer-hint{opacity:0;}

.viewer-side{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:16px;padding:clamp(18px,2.4vw,28px);min-width:0;}
.viewer-tabs{display:flex;gap:3px;padding:3px;border-radius:12px;background:var(--tint);border:1px solid var(--rule);}
.viewer-tabs button{
  flex:1;min-width:0;padding:7px 6px;
  font:inherit;font-size:.76rem;font-weight:500;color:var(--muted);
  background:none;border:0;border-radius:9px;cursor:pointer;
  transition:color .2s,background-color .2s,box-shadow .2s;
}
.viewer-tabs button:hover{color:var(--text);}
.viewer-tabs [aria-selected="true"]{color:var(--text);background:var(--bg);box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.08),0 0 0 1px var(--rule-strong);}
[data-theme="dark"] .viewer-tabs [aria-selected="true"]{background:rgba(255,255,255,.08);}
.viewer-name{
  font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:400;font-size:clamp(1.4rem,1vw + 1rem,1.75rem);
  letter-spacing:-.025em;line-height:1.1;
  font-optical-sizing:auto;font-variation-settings:"SOFT" 40,"WONK" 0;
}
.viewer-desc{margin:0;font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);}
.viewer-data{
  display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:1px;margin:0;
  background:var(--rule);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;
}
.viewer-data div{padding:9px 12px;background:var(--surface-2);}
.viewer-data dt{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.6rem;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--faint);}
.viewer-data dd{margin:2px 0 0;font-size:.84rem;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;}
.legend{list-style:none;margin:auto 0 0;padding:0;display:grid;gap:6px;font-size:.76rem;color:var(--muted);}
.legend li{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px;}
.legend span{width:11px;height:11px;border-radius:50%;flex:none;background:radial-gradient(circle at 35% 32%,#fff,var(--c) 48%);}

/* ---------------- Research areas as periodic-table tiles ---------------- */
.el{--c2:var(--c);padding:20px 22px 24px !important;overflow:hidden;}
[data-theme="dark"] .el{--c2:color-mix(in oklab,var(--c) 62%,white);}
.focus .el::after{
  content:"";position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:0;height:2px;
  background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--c2),transparent 80%);
}
.el-z{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.7rem;color:var(--faint);}
.el-g{
  float:right;padding:2px 9px;border-radius:99px;
  font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.6rem;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;
  color:var(--c2);background:color-mix(in oklab,var(--c) 12%,transparent);
}
.el-sym{
  display:block;margin:12px 0 16px;
  font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:400;font-size:clamp(3rem,2.6vw + 1.8rem,4.2rem);
  line-height:.9;letter-spacing:-.045em;color:var(--c2);
  font-optical-sizing:auto;font-variation-settings:"SOFT" 70,"WONK" 0;
  transform-origin:0 100%;transition:transform .6s var(--ease);
}
.el:hover .el-sym{transform:scale(1.07);}
.focus .el:hover{border-color:color-mix(in oklab,var(--c) 40%,transparent);box-shadow:var(--shadow),0 24px 50px -28px var(--c);}

/* ---------------- Page titles ---------------- */
.title em{
  font-style:italic;font-weight:350;padding-right:.06em;
  font-variation-settings:"SOFT" 100,"WONK" 1;
  background:var(--grad);-webkit-background-clip:text;background-clip:text;color:transparent;
}

/* ---------------- Publications ---------------- */
.pub:has(.tag.on){box-shadow:inset 3px 0 0 var(--accent),var(--shadow);}
.pub-a i{font-family:var(--serif);font-style:italic;font-size:1.06em;color:var(--text);}
.filter .n{margin-left:6px;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.66rem;opacity:.6;}

/* ---------------- Project cards: tilt toward the pointer ---------------- */
.card:hover{transform:perspective(900px) rotateX(var(--tx,0deg)) rotateY(var(--ty,0deg)) translateY(-4px);}

/* ---------------- Command menu ---------------- */
.cmd-btn{
  display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;height:36px;padding:0 6px 0 12px;
  font:inherit;font-size:.78rem;color:var(--muted);cursor:pointer;
  background:var(--tint);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:99px;
  transition:color .2s,border-color .2s;
}
.cmd-btn:hover{color:var(--text);border-color:var(--rule-strong);}
.cmd-btn svg{width:14px;height:14px;flex:none;}
.cmd-btn kbd{border-radius:99px;padding:1px 8px;}

.cmdk{
  position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:90;
  display:grid;place-items:start center;padding:12vh 16px 16px;
  background:rgba(6,7,11,.5);
  opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transition:opacity .2s,visibility .2s;
}
.cmdk.open{opacity:1;visibility:visible;}
.cmdk-box{
  width:min(580px,100%);overflow:hidden;
  background:var(--bg);border:1px solid var(--rule-strong);border-radius:18px;box-shadow:var(--shadow-lg);
  transform:translateY(-10px) scale(.98);transition:transform .3s var(--ease);
}
.cmdk.open .cmdk-box{transform:none;}
.cmdk-in{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;padding:0 18px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);}
.cmdk-in svg{width:17px;height:17px;color:var(--faint);flex:none;}
.cmdk input{
  flex:1;min-width:0;padding:17px 0;border:0;outline:none;background:none;
  font:inherit;font-size:1rem;color:var(--text);
}
.cmdk ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:6px;max-height:min(52vh,420px);overflow:auto;overscroll-behavior:contain;}
.cmdk li{
  display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;padding:10px 12px;border-radius:10px;
  font-size:.9rem;color:var(--muted);cursor:pointer;
}
.cmdk li .ic{
  display:grid;place-items:center;width:28px;height:28px;flex:none;border-radius:8px;
  font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.7rem;color:var(--accent);background:var(--accent-tint);
}
.cmdk li small{margin-left:auto;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.62rem;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--faint);}
.cmdk li[aria-selected="true"]{color:var(--text);background:var(--tint);}
.cmdk .empty{padding:22px;text-align:center;font-size:.86rem;color:var(--faint);}
.cmdk-foot{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;padding:10px 16px;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);font-size:.72rem;color:var(--faint);}

/* ---------------- Closing call to action, every page but contact ---------------- */
.outro{flex:none;}
.outro-in{max-width:var(--max);margin:0 auto;padding:0 var(--pad) clamp(36px,5vw,64px);}
.outro-card{
  position:relative;overflow:hidden;isolation:isolate;
  padding:clamp(28px,5vw,64px);
  border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:28px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(60% 130% at 100% 0%,var(--aurora-2),transparent 62%),
    radial-gradient(50% 110% at 0% 100%,var(--aurora-3),transparent 62%),
    var(--surface);
  box-shadow:var(--shadow);
}
.outro-card::after{
  content:"";position:absolute;inset:0;z-index:-1;pointer-events:none;
  background:var(--hex);background-size:56px 97px;
  -webkit-mask-image:linear-gradient(100deg,transparent 35%,#000 90%);
  mask-image:linear-gradient(100deg,transparent 35%,#000 90%);
}
.outro-k{
  display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;margin:0;
  font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.7rem;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);
}
.outro-t{
  margin:16px 0 28px;max-width:15ch;
  font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:350;font-size:clamp(2.3rem,4.2vw + .6rem,4.8rem);
  line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.045em;
  font-optical-sizing:auto;font-variation-settings:"SOFT" 40,"WONK" 0;
}
.outro-t em{font-style:italic;font-variation-settings:"SOFT" 100,"WONK" 1;padding-right:.08em;}
.outro-a{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;}
.page-contact .outro{display:none;}

/* ---------------- Vertical rhythm ---------------- */
.panel > *{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;}
.panel > * + *{margin-top:var(--s3);}
.panel > h2,.panel > .head{margin-top:var(--s4);}
.panel > h2 + *,.panel > .head + *{margin-top:var(--s3);}
.panel > .title{margin-top:0;}
.panel > .title + *{margin-top:var(--s3);}
.panel > .eyebrow + .lead{margin-top:22px;}
.panel > .lead + .intro{margin-top:var(--s3);}
.panel > .intro + .stats{margin-top:clamp(32px,4vw,48px);}
.panel > .intro + .cta{margin-top:28px;}
.panel > .cta + .viewer{margin-top:clamp(36px,4.5vw,56px);}
.panel > .viewer + script + .stats,.panel > .viewer + .stats{margin-top:12px;}
.panel > .stats + .marquee{margin-top:12px;}
.panel > .back + .eyebrow{margin-top:18px;}
.panel > .eyebrow + .title{margin-top:16px;}
.panel > :first-child{margin-top:0;}

/* ---------------- Utility ---------------- */
.progress{
  position:fixed;top:0;left:0;z-index:70;
  height:2px;width:100%;
  transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:0 50%;
  background:var(--grad);
  box-shadow:0 0 12px var(--accent);
  pointer-events:none;
}

.to-top{
  position:fixed;z-index:55;
  right:clamp(14px,2vw,24px);
  bottom:calc(clamp(14px,2vw,24px) + env(safe-area-inset-bottom,0px));
  display:grid;place-items:center;
  width:44px;height:44px;padding:0;border-radius:50%;
  font:inherit;color:var(--text);cursor:pointer;
  background:var(--nav-bg);border:1px solid var(--rule-strong);box-shadow:var(--shadow);
  backdrop-filter:blur(14px);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(14px);
  opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transform:translateY(8px);
  transition:opacity .25s,transform .25s var(--ease),visibility .25s,color .2s;
}
.to-top.show{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transform:none;}
.to-top:hover{color:var(--accent);transform:translateY(-2px);}
.to-top svg{width:16px;height:16px;}

.doi.copyable{cursor:pointer;transition:color .2s;}
.doi.copyable:hover{color:var(--accent);}
.cite{
  font:inherit;font-size:.7rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.5;
  padding:3px 10px;border-radius:99px;
  background:none;color:var(--muted);border:1px solid var(--rule-strong);cursor:pointer;
  transition:color .2s,border-color .2s;
}
.cite:hover{color:var(--accent);border-color:var(--accent);}

.toast{
  position:fixed;z-index:80;
  left:50%;bottom:calc(24px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom,0px));
  transform:translate(-50%,12px);max-width:calc(100vw - 32px);
  padding:10px 18px;border-radius:99px;
  font-size:.82rem;font-weight:500;
  color:var(--page);background:var(--text);box-shadow:var(--shadow-lg);
  opacity:0;visibility:hidden;
  transition:opacity .25s,transform .25s var(--ease),visibility .25s;
}
.toast.show{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transform:translate(-50%,0);}

.sr{
  position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;
  overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);white-space:nowrap;border:0;
}

/* ---------------- Motion ---------------- */
@keyframes panel-in{
  from{opacity:0;transform:translate3d(0,14px,0);}
  to{opacity:1;transform:none;}
}
.panel > *{animation:panel-in .7s var(--ease) both;}
.panel > *:nth-child(1){animation-delay:.02s;}
.panel > *:nth-child(2){animation-delay:.08s;}
.panel > *:nth-child(3){animation-delay:.14s;}
.panel > *:nth-child(4){animation-delay:.2s;}
.panel > *:nth-child(5){animation-delay:.26s;}
.panel > *:nth-child(n+6){animation-delay:.32s;}

/* scroll reveal, only when scripts.js has opted the page in */
.js-reveal .reveal{opacity:0;transform:translateY(22px);transition:opacity .8s var(--ease),transform .8s var(--ease);}
.js-reveal .reveal.in{opacity:1;transform:none;}

/* ---------------- Responsive ---------------- */
@media (max-width:1024px){
  .shell{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:clamp(24px,3vw,36px);}
  .rail{position:static;}
  .rail-in{max-width:560px;margin:0 auto;display:grid;grid-template-columns:180px 1fr;gap:0 22px;align-items:start;padding:14px;}
  .rail-id{display:contents;}
  .pfp{grid-row:span 2;}
  .rail-name{padding-top:4px;}
  .rail .h1{margin-top:0;}
  .avail{white-space:nowrap;font-size:.68rem;left:8px;bottom:8px;}
  .facts,.profiles{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}
  .btn-solid{grid-column:1 / -1;width:100%;margin:16px 0 0;}
  .profiles{grid-column:1 / -1;}
  .panel{max-width:none;}
  .nav-scroll{justify-content:flex-start;}
  body.sub .rail{order:2;}
}

@media (max-width:680px){
  :root{--scroll-offset:72px;}

  .nav{position:static;background:none;border:0;margin:0 0 28px;padding:0;box-shadow:none;backdrop-filter:none;-webkit-backdrop-filter:none;}
  .nav-toggle{
    position:fixed;top:12px;right:12px;z-index:60;
    display:grid;place-items:center;width:44px;height:44px;padding:0;border-radius:50%;
    background:var(--nav-bg);border:1px solid var(--rule-strong);box-shadow:var(--shadow);
    backdrop-filter:blur(14px);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(14px);
    color:var(--text);cursor:pointer;font:inherit;
  }
  .nav-toggle[aria-expanded="true"]{border-color:var(--accent);color:var(--accent);}
  .nav-scroll{display:none;}
  .nav.open .nav-scroll{
    display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2px;
    position:fixed;top:64px;right:12px;z-index:60;
    width:min(240px,calc(100vw - 24px));
    padding:6px;border-radius:18px;
    background:var(--surface-2);border:1px solid var(--rule-strong);box-shadow:var(--shadow-lg);
    backdrop-filter:blur(18px);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(18px);
  }
  .nav.open .tab{padding:11px 14px;border-radius:12px;}
  .nav-tools{position:fixed;top:12px;right:64px;z-index:60;}
  .theme-btn{width:44px;height:44px;background:var(--nav-bg);border-color:var(--rule-strong);backdrop-filter:blur(14px);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(14px);}

  .focus,.skills{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .viewer{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .viewer-stage{border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);}
  .kbd-hint{display:none;}
  .cmd-btn{width:44px;height:44px;padding:0;justify-content:center;background:var(--nav-bg);border-color:var(--rule-strong);}
  .cmd-btn kbd,.cmd-btn .lbl{display:none;}
  .nav-tools{gap:8px;}
  .outro-card{border-radius:22px;}
  .stats{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));}
  .rows li{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2px;}
  .two{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .cards{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .pub{grid-template-columns:36px minmax(0,1fr);padding:16px 16px 14px 10px;}
  .pub::after{font-size:1.2rem;}
  .news li{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:2px;}
  .pager{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .pager a:last-child{text-align:left;}
  .contact{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);}
  .foot-in{justify-content:flex-start;}
}

@media (max-width:560px){
  .rail-in{grid-template-columns:1fr;}
  .pfp{grid-row:auto;}
  .rail-name{padding:0 6px;}
  .rail .h1{margin-top:18px;}
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){
  *,*::before,*::after{animation-duration:.01ms !important;animation-iteration-count:1 !important;transition-duration:.01ms !important;}
  .panel > *{animation:none !important;}
  .js-reveal .reveal{opacity:1;transform:none;}
}

@media print{
  body::before,body::after{display:none;}
  .nav,.filters,.btn,.profiles,.pager,.back,.foot,.progress,.to-top,.toast,.nav-tools,.cite,.marquee,.avail,.viewer,.kbd-hint,.cta,.cmdk,.outro{display:none !important;}
  .shell{display:block;padding:0;}
  .panel{max-width:none;}
  .js-reveal .reveal{opacity:1;transform:none;}
  .stats dd,.grad{color:#000;background:none;}
  body{font-size:11pt;background:#fff;}
}

/* ---------------- Platforms (homepage) ---------------- */
.sites{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(260px,1fr));gap:var(--gap);}
.site{
  display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:8px;color:var(--text);text-decoration:none !important;
  background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:var(--r);box-shadow:var(--shadow);
  transition:transform .4s var(--ease),border-color .4s,box-shadow .4s;
}
a.site:hover{transform:translateY(-4px);border-color:var(--rule-strong);box-shadow:var(--shadow-lg);}
.site-frame{display:block;overflow:hidden;border-radius:calc(var(--r) - 8px);border:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--tint);}
.site-bar{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding:7px 10px;background:var(--surface-2);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);}
.site-bar i{width:7px;height:7px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--rule-strong);flex:none;}
.site-url{
  flex:1;min-width:0;margin-left:6px;padding:2px 8px;border-radius:6px;background:var(--tint);
  font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.64rem;color:var(--muted);
  white-space:nowrap;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;
}
.site-shot{display:block;position:relative;aspect-ratio:8/5;overflow:hidden;}
.site-shot img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;object-position:top;transition:transform .9s var(--ease);}
a.site:hover .site-shot img{transform:scale(1.04);}
.site-blank{
  display:grid;place-items:center;width:100%;height:100%;
  font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.6rem;letter-spacing:-.02em;color:var(--faint);
  background:var(--hex) center/28px auto,var(--tint);
}
.site-soon{
  position:absolute;left:10px;bottom:10px;padding:4px 10px;border-radius:99px;
  font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.64rem;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;
  color:var(--accent);background:var(--surface-2);border:1px solid var(--rule);
}
.site-b{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:3px;padding:14px 8px 8px;}
.site-k{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.66rem;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);}
.site-t{font-size:1rem;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.01em;}
.site-t span{color:var(--faint);font-weight:400;transition:color .3s,transform .3s var(--ease);display:inline-block;}
a.site:hover .site-t span{color:var(--accent);transform:translate(2px,-2px);}
.site-s{font-size:.84rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--muted);}

/* ---------------- Writing ---------------- */
.writing-intro,.resource-note{
  max-width:700px;padding:1rem 1.25rem;
  border-left:2px solid var(--accent);background:var(--surface-2);border-radius:0 var(--r-sm) var(--r-sm) 0;
}
.writing-intro p,.resource-note p{margin:0;color:var(--muted);}
.resource-note span{
  display:block;margin-bottom:.6rem;
  font:500 .68rem/1 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);
}

.posts{list-style:none;margin-bottom:0;padding:0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);}
.posts li{display:flex;gap:var(--gap);align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);}
.post-item{
  flex:1;min-width:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px;padding:22px 0;
  color:var(--text);text-decoration:none !important;
}
.post-meta{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.72rem;color:var(--faint);}
.post-meta time{color:var(--accent);}
.post-t{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:clamp(1.25rem,1vw + .9rem,1.55rem);line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.02em;transition:color .3s;}
.post-item:hover .post-t{color:var(--accent);}
.post-s{font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);max-width:62ch;}
.post-tags{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;}
.post-thumb{flex:none;width:clamp(96px,16vw,168px);aspect-ratio:4/3;overflow:hidden;border-radius:var(--r-sm);border:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--tint);}
.post-thumb img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;}
.feed-note{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.74rem;}

.toc{padding:16px 20px;border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:var(--r);background:var(--surface);max-width:66ch;}
.toc p{margin:0 0 8px;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.68rem;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--faint);}
.toc ol{margin:0;padding-left:1.2em;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.8;}
.toc a{color:var(--muted);}
.toc a:hover{color:var(--accent);}

/* Long-form reading: a narrower measure and a serif-led hierarchy */
.post-body{max-width:68ch;font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.78;color:var(--text);}
.post-body > * + *{margin-top:1.15em;}
.post-body > *{margin-bottom:0;}
.post-body p,.post-body li{color:color-mix(in oklab,var(--text) 82%,var(--muted));}
.post-body h2,.post-body h3,.post-body h4{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:450;letter-spacing:-.02em;scroll-margin-top:var(--scroll-offset);}
.post-body h2{margin-top:2.2em;font-size:1.65rem;}
.post-body h3{margin-top:1.8em;font-size:1.3rem;}
.post-body h4{margin-top:1.5em;font-size:1.08rem;}
.post-body a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration-thickness:1px;}
.post-body ul,.post-body ol{padding-left:1.3em;}
.post-body li + li{margin-top:.35em;}
.post-body blockquote{
  margin-left:0;margin-right:0;padding:.2em 0 .2em 1.2em;border-left:2px solid var(--accent);
  font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.15rem;font-style:italic;
}
.post-body blockquote p{color:var(--text);}
.post-body figure{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}
.post-body figure img,.post-body > p > img{width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:var(--r-sm);border:1px solid var(--rule);}
.post-body figcaption{margin-top:8px;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.74rem;line-height:1.6;color:var(--faint);}
.post-body hr{border:0;height:1px;background:var(--rule-strong);margin:2.4em 0;}
.post-body code{padding:.12em .4em;border-radius:6px;background:var(--tint);font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.86em;}
.post-body pre{
  position:relative;overflow-x:auto;padding:18px 20px;border-radius:var(--r-sm);
  background:#0d1018;color:#e6e9f2;border:1px solid var(--rule);font-size:.84rem;line-height:1.65;
}
.post-body pre code{padding:0;background:none;font-size:inherit;color:inherit;}
.code-lang{position:absolute;top:8px;right:12px;font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.62rem;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#7d8597;}
.post-body .math{overflow-x:auto;padding:.4em 0;}
.table-wrap{overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:var(--r-sm);}
.post-body table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.9rem;}
.post-body th,.post-body td{padding:10px 14px;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);}
.post-body th{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.7rem;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--faint);background:var(--surface-2);}
.post-body tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0;}

/* ---------------- Resources ---------------- */
.resources{display:grid;gap:var(--gap);}
.res{
  display:flex;gap:var(--gap);padding:clamp(16px,2vw,22px);
  background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:var(--r);box-shadow:var(--shadow);
}
.res-cover{flex:none;width:clamp(90px,14vw,140px);aspect-ratio:3/4;overflow:hidden;border-radius:var(--r-sm);border:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--tint);}
.res-cover img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;object-position:top;}
.res-b{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px;min-width:0;}
.res-b > *{margin:0;}
.res-k{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.66rem;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--accent);}
.res-t{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.35rem;font-weight:450;letter-spacing:-.02em;}
.res-s{font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);}
.res-meta{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.72rem;color:var(--faint);}
.res-a{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:4px !important;}
.res-a .btn{margin:0;width:auto;padding:10px 18px;}

@media (max-width:680px){
  .posts li{flex-direction:column-reverse;align-items:stretch;gap:0;}
  .post-thumb{width:100%;aspect-ratio:16/9;margin-top:18px;}
  .res{flex-direction:column;}
  .res-cover{width:100%;aspect-ratio:16/9;}
}
@media print{
  .sites,.toc,.feed-note,.res-a{display:none !important;}
  .post-body pre{background:none;color:#000;}
}

/* ---------------- Research figures and key numbers ---------------- */
.fig{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}
.fig img{
  display:block;width:100%;height:auto;padding:clamp(8px,1.4vw,16px);
  background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:var(--r);box-shadow:var(--shadow);
}
.fig figcaption{margin-top:12px;max-width:72ch;font-size:.84rem;line-height:1.65;color:var(--muted);}
.fig figcaption b{color:var(--text);font-weight:600;}
.keyfigs{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));gap:1px;margin:0;
  background:var(--rule);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:var(--r);overflow:hidden;}
.keyfigs > div{padding:16px 18px;background:var(--surface-2);}
.keyfigs dt{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:.64rem;line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--faint);}
.keyfigs dd{margin:6px 0 0;font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:380;font-size:clamp(1.7rem,1.4vw + 1rem,2.2rem);line-height:1;letter-spacing:-.03em;}
.keyfigs small{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.8rem;letter-spacing:0;color:var(--muted);}
.panel > .fig + .keyfigs{margin-top:14px;}

.sub-h{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:1.35rem;font-weight:450;letter-spacing:-.02em;}
.prose-block{max-width:68ch;font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.75;color:var(--muted);}
.prose-block > *{margin:0;}
.prose-block > * + *{margin-top:1em;}
.prose-block a{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration-thickness:1px;}
.prose-block b{color:var(--text);font-weight:600;}
.prose-block ul{padding-left:1.2em;}
.prose-block li + li{margin-top:.6em;}
.panel > h2 + .sub-h{margin-top:var(--s3);}
.panel > .sub-h{margin-top:clamp(32px,4vw,44px);}

@media (max-width:680px){
  .keyfigs{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;}
}

/* Eight tabs: on desktop the search button shows only its shortcut hint */
@media (min-width:681px){
  .cmd-btn .lbl{display:none;}
  .cmd-btn{padding-left:10px;}
}
.nav-scroll.is-clipped{
  -webkit-mask:linear-gradient(90deg,#000 calc(100% - 36px),transparent);
  mask:linear-gradient(90deg,#000 calc(100% - 36px),transparent);
}
.nav-scroll.is-clipped.at-end{-webkit-mask:none;mask:none;}